With increasing geopolitical tensions and cross-border operational disruptions, critical transport infrastructure is becoming particularly important for Europe's economic and logistical security. The research niche of the article is the limited number of empirical, comparative studies assessing the resilience of critical transport infrastructure under the direct impact of armed conflict, with a particular focus on intermodal operations between Poland and Ukraine. The aim of this article is to identify and assess risks affecting critical transport infrastructure in Europe in the context of the war in Ukraine, with particular emphasis on the perspective of Polish and Ukrainian companies. The study adopts the hypothesis that infrastructure resilience varies significantly across transport modes and that a systemic risk-management approach supported by international coordination improves the effectiveness of adaptation processes. The study covered companies in the TSL (transport - shipping - logistics) sector that provide road transport services and cooperate with rail, air and maritime transport operators. In the empirical part, an assessment of infrastructure risk and vulnerability was carried out using the FMEA method. The results show significant variation in resilience depending on the type of infrastructure and the need to implement a systemic approach to risk management. Based on the analysis, strategic directions for improvement were identified, including diversification of routes, development of digital competences and increased interoperability of infrastructure. The conclusions of the study indicate that the identification of key risks and vulnerabilities of the transport infrastructure provides the foundation for ensuring the continuity of logistics systems and an effective response to future geopolitical emergencies.