The current economic and military situation in Poland, shaped by experiences of the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic and armed conflict in Ukraine, call for fresh examination of business continuity in defense enterprises, particularly concerning their logistics processes. The purpose of this research is to analyze the current state of the environment for these enterprises and, based on this analysis, formulate recommendations regarding the ongoing challenge of maintaining operational continuity in logistics processes. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the article highlights the evolving current economic and military landscape. It also addresses issues specific to logistics processes within the defense industry. An observational method was employed to identify factors influencing logistics processes, while scenario planning was used to discern potential environmental trends. The study focuses on identifying critical key factors and presenting possible scenarios that will be able to affect the continuity of logistics chains in the defense industry, thereby filling the identified research niche. The final conclusions present clear assumptions related to sustaining efficient cooperation chains and managing materials as key areas directly pertinent to the identified problem. The research problem was studied within a specific group of enterprises, with the five-year reference period for the conducted research being 2020–2025. Furthermore, this analysis aims to enhance understanding of resilience dynamics.