This study aims to assess the economic conditions for implementing transportation technologies in integrated transport systems in Ukraine. Integrated transport systems, comprising multiple modes of transport supported by digital technologies and unified infrastructure, are essential for enhancing efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and improving service quality. The research applies a mixed-methods approach, combining statistical analysis, forecasting techniques, and institutional analysis. Quantitative data on passenger and cargo transport were obtained from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 1996–2023 and analysed using Excel-based statistical and graphical tools. Forecasting was conducted using time-series methods to project future trends, while institutional analysis was employed to evaluate the influence of policy, governance structures, and external shocks (such as the global financial crisis, COVID-19 pandemic, and Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022) on the transport sector. The findings reveal a significant decline in transport volumes since 2014, especially after 2020. Nonetheless, Ukraine retains considerable potential for developing integrated transport systems due to its geographic position and prior infrastructural reforms. Key barriers include financial limitations, war-inflicted damage, and legal deficiencies. The study concludes that with coordinated institutional support, international cooperation, and targeted investment, the post-war context offers viable prospects for implementing integrated transport systems as part of Ukraine’s sustainable development strategy.